May 1889
Oil on canvas
71 cm × 93 cm (28 in × 36 5⁄8 in)
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California
One of a series of several hundred paintings that van Gogh made at the Saint Paul-de-Mausole asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France, in the last year before his death in 1890.
Irises Irises, by Ogata Kōrin, early 18th century, in the Nezu Institute of Fine Arts, Tokyo, Japan.
Van Gogh immersed himself in the art of Japan. Japanese artists used large areas of colour in their compositions, often with a sharp diagonal. Japanese artists regularly focused in on detail in the foreground. Van Gogh associated irises with Japan, where the native species were highly prized and had a prominent place in art. Van Gogh adopted these elements in his paintings, but in his imagination he combined Japan and Provence. For him, both were exotic places that beckoned with a stronger sun, clearer skies and brighter colours.[7][8]
A crucial part of Van Gogh's art was his ideas about color theory. Central to his understanding of color was the work of the French chemist Michel-Eugène Chevreul, whose law of simultaneous color contrast describes how our perception of a particular color is influenced by other colors in the vicinity. Juxtaposing a primary color with its complementary secondary color—yellow next to violet, for example—intensifies both.